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ADVANTAGES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 1.
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They are most popular because of their use as main prime mover mover in commercial vehicles. By means of a connectingĪrrangement, the reciprocating motion of piston is converted into a rotary rotary motion of the crankshaft.
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The reciprocating engine mechanism consists of piston which moves in in a cylinder and forms a movable gas tight seal. Usually these engines are reciprocating engines. Power is generated intermittently (only during power stroke) and flywheel is used to provide uniform output torque. In Intermittent internal combustion engine combustion of fuel takes place inside inside the engine cylinder. Jagadeesha T, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, Chikmagalur In this case, same working fluid cannot be Products of combustion from from the combustion chamber enters through the turbine to generate the power continuously. For example : In In Open cycle gas turbine plant. InĬombustion of the fuel enters enters into the prime mover as the working fluid. Internal combustion engines can can be classified as Continuous Continuous IC engines and Intermittent IC engines. For For example, In steam engine or steam turbine the heat generated due to combustion of fuel and it is employed to generate high pressure steam, steam, which is used as working fluid in a reciprocating engine or turbine. Heat engines can be broadly classified into : i) External combustion engines ( E C Engines) ii) Internal combustion engines ( I C Engines ) External combustion engines are those in which combustion takes place outside the engine. Engines normally convert convert thermal energy into mechanical work and therefore they are called heat engines. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES An Engine is a device which transforms the chemical energy of a fuel into thermal energy and uses this thermal energy to produce mechanical mechanical work. However, the power produced by the 2-stroke engines is more than the 4-stroke engines.INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (ELECTIVE) (ME667) Hence the efficiency of 4-stroke engines is greater than the 2-stroke engines. In 4-stroke engines the engine burns fuel once for two rotations of the wheel, while in 2-stroke engine the fuel is burnt once for one rotation of the wheel. When two strokes of the piston are completed, one revolution of the engine’s crankshaft is produced. Power is produced during the expansion stroke. Similarly, the expansion and exhaust strokes occur at the same time. Two-stroke engine: In case of the 2-stroke, the suction and compression strokes occur at the same time. During four strokes of the engine two revolutions of the engine’s crankshaft are produced. In 4-stroke engines the power is produced when piston performs expansion stroke. The four strokes of the 4-stroke engine are: suction of fuel, compression of fuel, expansion or power stroke, and exhaust stroke. Both the cycles have been described below:įour-stroke engine: In the four-stroke engine the cycle of operations of the engine are completed in four strokes of the piston inside the cylinder. In this case the combustion of fuel occurs at constant pressure.īoth SI and CI engines can work either on two-stroke or four stroke cycle. In CI engines the burning of the fuel occurs due to compression of the fuel to excessively high pressures which does not require any spark to initiate the ignition of fuel. The fuel is compressed to high pressures and its combustion takes place at a constant volume. In SI engines, the burning of fuel occurs by the spark generated by the spark plug located in the cylinder head.
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The principle of working of both SI and CI engines are almost the same, except the process of the fuel combustion that occurs in both engines. The principle of working of compression ignition engine (CI) was found out by Rudolf Diesel in the year 1892, hence CI engine is also called the Diesel engine. Otto in the year 1876 hence SI engine is also called the Otto engine. The principle of operation of the spark ignition (SI) engines was invented by Nicolaus A. For the engine to work properly it has to perform some cycle of operations continuously.